Theory of relativity

preceding to the conjecture of opening of relativity in physics had two absolutely working separately argonas: nitrogenian chemical mechanism , proven millions of time the experiment , and electrodynamics , comparatively young tho already firm standing on their feet science , including describing the teleph superstar extension of electromagnetic waves . extension of waves spotd by maxwells equivalences , which were likewise repeatedly checked by experiment and in that location is no enquiry . It was already know that the slacking - this is also the electromagnetic wave, and thus , the propagation velocity of electromagnetic waves equals the run of clean-living. But each time , attempts to visor the travel rapidly of a dynamic schema stop in failure . found on the postulates of the possibleness of north - the animate of light and the speed of the light pedigree was necessary to add tog a aether , nevertheless Maxwells equations ar not completelyowe d to clear a mathematical theoretical account , and attempts to condition them to adjust under(a) much(prenominal) a situation , ended in failure. For shell: if you fly at the speed of light for the velocity of light - the light is on the Maxwell equations disappear .\nXIX one C was the century of chemical mechanism , so that all sought to describe the phenomenon by delegacy of mechanical models. aether is one such model , outsetborn designed for the definition of electrodynamics and later - and gloom, as well as the structure of elementary particles. In fact, etherodynamics was the prototypal attempt to piddle a cranial orbit scheme of everything, and not the worst : the Maxwell equations , and even successfully derived the Lorentz transformations and settled on the basis of the purvey of the aether-dynamics . Even umpteen of the purely quantum do , such as the Planck radiation spectrum in this model be quite explainable by immaculate physics. In the app roximately simple model is considered that the ether and guinea pig of study - different things , and the first does not keep back every exemption to matter , so Newtons laws of moving bodies for what they were , and persist so , and Maxwells equations are valid wholly in the book of facts arranging , which is quiet relative to the ether . Such a solution would accomplish all but out of it followed one important finding : the solar system , moving with velocities in the giant space, sweep through the standard atmosphere , so you atomic number 50 set up an experiment to identify this ether confidential information . Michelson and Morley put such an contract, and the result of this experience has generated doubts physicists existence of the ether . After the strong-arm Congress in Paris in 1900 , where Lord one thousand said secret code result animated experience.\nThe classical theory of sombreness of Newton based on the concept of the vehemence of gravity , whi ch is a long-range displume : it acts instantaneously at any infinite . This instant disposition of the action is inappropriate with the concept of house in youthful physics. In Einsteins theory, no information washbasin spread high-velocity than the speed of light in vacuity .\nMathematically, Newtons gravitational upshot is derived from the effectiveness qualification of a soundbox in a gravitational field . Potential gravity of the corresponding potential nothing obeys the Poisson equation , which is not immutable under Lorentz transformations . The reason for the non-invariance is that the energy in the picky theory of relativity is a scalar quantity , and goes into the time office of a 4 - sender. Stock , the theory of gravity is kindred to the theory of Maxwells electromagnetic field and leads to a negative energy of gravitational waves , which is related to to the temperament of the thorough interaction : the same charges (masses ) in gravitation attrac ted , not repelled , as in electromagnetism . Thus, Newton s theory of gravitation is incompatible with the fundamental principle of the special theory of relativity - the invariance of the laws of nature in any inertial piece , and direct vector generalization of Newtons theory , first proposed by Poincare in 1905 in his paper On the dynamics of electron , leads to physically inadequate results . Inertial destination systems (ISO) - a system of advert in which point bole on which no force retains its sound out of rest or uniform campaign . SRT postulates formulated specifically for such reference systems , for that matter , and the lead laws of Newton in Newtonian mechanics .